11 décembre 2022

When Is a Boycott Legal

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Philip Balsiger points out that political consumption (e.g., boycotts) tends to follow dual-use action repertoires or scripts that are used publicly to pressure boycott targets and educate and recruit consumers. One example is Balsiger in Switzerland, which documents the activities of the Clean Clothes Campaign, a public campaign supported by NGOs that has highlighted and disseminated information about the ethical practices of local businesses. [16] A diplomatic boycott occurs when diplomatic participation in an event such as the Olympics is denied but sports participation is not restricted. [34] In 2021, a number of countries, led by the United States, Britain, and Canada, protested the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, citing China`s policies regarding the Uyghur genocide and the human rights situation in China. [35] [36] [37] The word boycott entered the English language during the Irish « land war » and derives from Captain Charles Boycott, the land agent of an absent landowner, Lord Erne, who lived in County Mayo, Ireland. Captain Boycott was the target of social ostracism organised by the Irish Land League in 1880. As the harvest had been poor that year, Lord Erne offered his tenants a ten per cent reduction in their rent. In September of the same year, the protesting tenants demanded a twenty-five percent reduction, which Lord Erne refused. Boycott then attempted to evict eleven tenants from the land.

Charles Stewart Parnell, the Irish leader, suggested that everyone in the area should avoid them when it comes to tenants taking farms where another tenant has been evicted rather than resorting to violence. Although Parnell`s speech does not refer to land brokers or landlords, the tactic was first applied to boycotting when the eviction alarm was triggered. Despite the short-term economic hardship for those who led the action, Boycott soon found himself isolated – its workers stopped working in the fields and stables, as well as in its home. Local businessmen stopped trading with him and the local postman refused to deliver the mail. [2] In at least one case, a boycott was documented based on the results of a match on the field; New Orleans residents boycotted television broadcasts of Super Bowl LIII after a controversial official call caused the New Orleans Saints` hometown to lose the NFC championship game and deny them a trip to the Super Bowl. Attendance at the game in the city dropped by half compared to Super Bowl LII, contributing to a notable drop in national ratings, but the boycott did not bring significant relief to the Saints or their fans. [31] The BIS website provides more information on anti-boycott rules www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/enforcement/oac A boycott is usually a one-time case aimed at correcting an outstanding individual wrong. When a boycott extends over a long period of time, or as part of an overall program to raise awareness or reform laws or regimes, it is part of moral buying, and some prefer these economic or political terms. Most organized consumer boycotts today focus on a long-term change in purchasing habits and are therefore part of a broader political agenda, with many techniques that require a longer structural commitment, such as commodity market reforms or the government`s commitment to moral buying. such as the long-standing boycott of South African companies to protest apartheid already mentioned. These extend the meaning of a « boycott ».

That`s why the ACLU just filed a petition calling on the Supreme Court to take up the Arkansas Times case and affirm that the First Amendment still protects the right to boycott. Pending their decision, states have begun passing similar laws to remove boycotts of fossil fuels, firearms, mines, timber and agriculture. All sorts of special interests are pushing for anti-boycott laws to quell protests against them. If the court does not intervene, a form of protest dating back to the American Revolution itself will remain in danger. However, Noerr has become an important precedent in perhaps the most famous case of a boycott: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co. (1982). In 1966, African Americans in Clairborne County, Mississippi, participated in an ongoing boycott of white-owned businesses, hoping to pressure local government and business leaders to meet their 19 « demands for racial justice. » The document, written by the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), outlined specific measures to promote the civil rights of African Americans, ranging from desegregation at bus stops to requiring blacks to be treated as « Mr. » and « Mrs. » rather than derogatory terms like « boy. » Three years later, a group of white business owners sued the NAACP and its leaders, who had organized and imposed the boycott, for the economic damage suffered.

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